domingo, 29 de agosto de 2010

Martin J. van Kranendonk, Hugh Smithies, Vickie Bennett “Earth's Oldest Rocks, Volume 15 (Developments in Precambrian Geology)"


Martin J. van Kranendonk, Hugh Smithies, Vickie Bennett “Earth's Oldest Rocks, Volume 15 (Developments in Precambrian Geology)"
Elsevier Science | 2007-11-01 | ISBN: 2007-11-01 | 1330 pages | PDF | 32,2 MB

Earths Oldest Rocks provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of early Earth, from planetary accretion through to development of protocratons with depleted lithospheric keels by c. 3.2 Ga, in a series of papers written by over 50 of the world's leading experts. The book is divided into two chapters on early Earth history, ten chapters on the geology of specific cratons, and two chapters on early Earth analogues and the tectonic framework of early Earth. Individual contributions address topics that range from planetary accretion, a review of Earth meteorites, significance and composition of Hadean protocrust, composition of Archaean mantle and deep crust, all aspects of the geology of Paleoarchean cratons, composition of Archean oceans and hydrothermal environments, evidence and geological settings of early life, early Earth analogues from Venus and New Zealand, and a tectonic framework for early Earth.

* Contains comprehensive reviews of areas of ancient lithosphere on Earth, of planetary accretion processes, and of meteorites
* Focuses on specific aspects of early Earth, including oldest putative life forms, evidence of the composition of the ancient atmosphere-hydrosphere, and the oldest evidence for subduction-accretion
* Presents an overview of geological processes and model of the tectonic framework on early Earth






The Ocean - Precambrian (Hadean-Archaean) [digipack 2CD](2007)

abel: Metal Blade Records
Release date: 2007-11-12
Catalog: 3984-14643-2

Review (Jason Jordan, www.metalreview.com)
Organized according to geological time, The Ocean’s ambitious third full-length Precambrian is a monster of an album that spans 84 minutes and unfolds over the course of two discs. The first is the heavy-handed Hadean/Archaean, the shorter of the two at about 22 minutes even, while Proterozoic, though certainly containing aggressive bursts during its approximate 62 minutes, also offers the lighter side of the spectrum. And for those of you who haven’t explored the music of this German collective, Precambrian is an unabashed triumph that easily trumps all previous endeavors.

Hadean/Archaean

As outlined above, H/A is the heavier offering here, and avoids dawdling by launching directly into “Hadean / The Long March of the Yes-Men” – a keyboard-rich attack laced with loose, gravelly growls and The Ocean’s signature riffs and tumbling rhythms. Often grouped in with Georgians Mastodon, it’s “Eoarchaean / The Great Void” that parallels them most via roller coaster peaks and valleys, similar tones, and convincing instrumental sections. While “Palaeoarchaean / Man and the Sea” is fast with a hardcore punk-like tempo, the groove-oriented follower “Mesoarchaean / Legions of Winged Octopi” is the true crusher of the bunch, even rivaling “The City in the Sea” from the 2005 affair Aeolian, but “Neoarchaean / To Burn the Duck of Doubt” also momentarily sets itself apart with its optimistic, Pelican-esque melodies.

Proterozoic

Noticeably mellower from the get-go – due primarily to instrumental, sax-laden intro “Siderian” – Proterozoic again lends credence to the Neur-Isis comparisons that The Ocean have garnered since their 2004 debut long-player FluXion. “Rhyacian / Untimely Meditations” provides the first real taste of clean vocals, along with piano, glockenspiel, and orchestral instruments such as the viola, violin, and cello during its lax opening and laidback portions, but soon the growls take the helm before stepping into the background, albeit not for good as the latter part has its share of earth-shattering moments. “Orosirian / For the Great Blue Cold Now Reigns” is when and where the Neurosis, Isis, and Cult of Luna-isms rear their heads, and the crashing waves prove this assertion repeatedly as they do elsewhere. “Statherian,” however, is a regal instrumental that eventually crescendos into an impressive romp replete with soundclips, layered melodies, and a medieval close. Also vocal-free is the ninth and final track “Cryogenian.” Proterozoic’s middle, consisting of “Calymmian / Lake Disappointment,” doomy dirge “Ecstasian / De Profundis,” and “Stenian / Mount Sorrow” also employ the drifting/crashing dichotomy found in likeminded mobs, but is no less arresting than the surrounding material. In fact, even the tail end, comprised of “Tonian / Confessions of a Dangerous Mind” and classical-influenced outro “Cryogenian,” holds its own among stellar company.

Not only are there two discs, but there are separate booklets that correspond to each. While the two discs are categorized by eons, the songs are divided into sections based on eras, and the songs themselves are named after periods, except for those of the first disc, which are named after eras, too. Does this make it difficult to recall their titles and/or give a fuck about them in the first place? Frankly, yes. However, every track has a second, non-geological name that appears in the liner notes, also listed above, but not on the tray insert, so there’s hope yet for those who want to memorize the titles to yell them out during The Ocean’s shows. In addition, another flaw is that of double disc releases in general – one CD will take usually take precedence over the other. I’m not convinced that they couldn’t have shaved a few minutes here and there to condense the material so that it’d fit on a single, rotund piece of plastic, because, to be honest, Precambrian isn’t the most fluid album anyway.

Regardless, this is by and large The Ocean’s finest hour in spite of its minuscule weaknesses. In line with the TO MO, there are guest appearances from the likes of Dwid Hellion (Integrity), Eric Kalsbeek (Textures), Nate Newton (Converge, Doomriders), Caleb Scofield (Cave In, Old Man Gloom, Zozobra), and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, obviously excluding the mass of other contributors, making Precambrian all the more alluring. Thankfully, there’s a wealth of information on the band’s official website, so if you’re looking for more, that’s the place to visit. Otherwise, all you need to know is that this rocks hard, and is one of the best albums of 2007.

- Track List

Disc 1 (Hadean/Archaean)

I.Hadean
1. Hadean - 3:48

II.Archaean
2. Eorchean - 4:45
3. Paleoachean - 2:46
4. Mesoarchean - 5:20
5. Neoarchean - 5:24

Disc 2 (Proterozoic):

III.Palaeoproterozoic
1. Siderian - 1:56
2. Rhyacian - 10:57
3. Orosirian - 6:29
4. Statherian - 5:57

IV.Mesoproterozoic
5. Calymmian - 8:18
6. Ectasian - 8:58
7. Stenian - 8:19

V.Neoproterozoic
8. Tonian - 7:18
9. Cryogenian - 3:29



Eduardo A.M. Koutsoukos (Editor), "Applied Stratigraphy"

Eduardo A.M. Koutsoukos (Editor), "Applied Stratigraphy"
Springer | ISBN: 140206683X | 1 edition (September 2007) | PDF | 471 pages | 11367 KB

Few, if any, fundamental disciplines in the earth sciences have seen so many dramatic changes and developments as stratigraphy. The discipline has come to be applied progressively, and indispensably, to nearly all branches of the earth sciences, including such endeavors as charting the course and complexities of life evolution through time, understanding how ancient ecosystems developed and operated, and furnishing data pivotal to exploration and exploitation of strategic mineral resources.

This book aims to incorporate major aspects and essential elements underpinning the modern applications and perspectives of stratigraphy. It focuses on traditional and innovative techniques and how these can be utilized in reconstructing the geological history of sedimentary basins and in solving manifold geological problems and phenomena. Each chapter summarizes contributions by leading researchers in the field. It is hoped that this book will provide the reader with key insights into all these aspects and applications.


Paul D. Spudis, "The Geology of Multi-Ring Impact Basins: The Moon and Other Planets"

Paul D. Spudis, "The Geology of Multi-Ring Impact Basins: The Moon and Other Planets"
Cambridge University Press | 1993 | ISBN: 0521261031, 0521619238 | 277 pages | PDF | 31,4 MB

The author covers the formation and development of basins and considers their chemistry and mineralogy. He studies their effects on the volcanic, tectonic and geological evolution of the planet, including the catastrophic consequence on the planetary climate and evolution of life. The Terrestrial Planets are also examined. This study is lavishly illustrated with many spectacular, highly-detailed photographs and diagrams.

• A comprehensive geological survey of large impact craters on the moon • A spectacular portfolio of lunar photographs • A study of the geological evolution of the planets and their satellites

Contents
Preface; 1. The multi-ring basin problem; 2. From crater to basin; 3. The 'archetype' basin: Orientale; 4. An ancient basin: Nectaris; 5. A modified basin: Crisium; 6. A transitional basin: Serenitatis; 7. The largest basin: Imbrium; 8. Geological processes in the formation of lunar basins; 9. Multi-ring basins on the terrestrial planets; 10. Multi-ring basins and planetary evolution; References.

Earthquake Geodynamics : Seismic Case Studies

Earthquake Geodynamics : Seismic Case Studies
Publisher: WIT Press | ISBN: 1853129968 | edition 2003 | PDF | 187 pages | 20,6 mb

Unless the geological, tectonic, seismological and engineering aspects of earthquakes are mastered, constructions will never be safe. A thorough knowledge of earthquake geodynamics is also vital if the safety/cost ratio of all constructions is to be increased.
Containing contributions from renowned geoscientists with first-hand experience, this book discusses various aspects of earthquake geodynamics in seismically active regions. The chapters include lessons learnt from earthquakes that have struck urban areas during the past two decades and cover a wide variety of topics including the analysis of seismic sequences, the study of surficial deformation and geophysical techniques for microzonation purposes.


R. D. Barker, J. H. Tellam - Fluid Flow and Solute Movement in Sandstones: the Onshore UK Permo-Triassic Red Bed Sequence

R. D. Barker, J. H. Tellam - Fluid Flow and Solute Movement in Sandstones: the Onshore UK Permo-Triassic Red Bed Sequence
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2006-09-01 | ISBN: 1862392048 | PDF | 352 pages | 21.93 MB


Sandstone aquifers are common worldwide: they contain a significant proportion of the Earth's fresh water supplies. However, because of their textural complexity and the frequent occurrence of both matrix and fracture flow, prediction of flow and pollutant migration is still a considerable challenge. This volume contains a collection of papers summarizing current research on an example sandstone aquifer: the UK Permo-Triassic Sandstone sequence. These red bed, organic-poor sandstones are of fluvial and aeolian origin, are often strongly textured, and are cut by discontinuities of a wide range of permeabilities. Matrix flow often dominates, but fracture flow also occurs. The papers in the volume deal with research on saturated and unsaturated flow, and solute and non-aqueous-phase liquid movement. They cover investigations from laboratory to regional scale, and involve a wide range of approaches, from petrophysical through geophysical and hydrochemical to modelling. The book is intended to be of interest to researchers and practitioners involved in water resources and groundwater pollution, and to hydrogeology, water engineering, and environmental science students.

G. Yirgu, Cindy J. Ebinger, P. K. H. Maguire - The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System

G. Yirgu, Cindy J. Ebinger, P. K. H. Maguire - The Afar Volcanic Province within the East African Rift System
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2006-06-01 | ISBN: 1862391963 | PDF | 336 pages | 50.72 MB


The seismically and volcanically active East African Rift System is an ideal laboratory for continental break-up processes: it encompasses all stages of rift development. Its northernmost sectors within the Afar volcanic province include failed rifts, nascent sea-floor spreading, and youthful passive continental margins associated with one or more mantle plumes. A number of models have been proposed to explain the success and failure of continental rift zones, but there remains no consensus on how strain localizes to achieve rupture of initially 125-250 km-thick plates, or on the interaction between the plates and asthenospheric processes. This collection of papers provides new structural, stratigraphic, geochemical and geophysical data and numerical models needed to resolve fundamental questions concerning continental break-up and mantle plume processes. The focus is on how mantle melt intrudes and is distributed through the plate, and how this magma intrusion process controls along-axis segmentation and facilitates break-up.

P. K. Harvey, T. S. Brewer, P. A. Pezard, V. A. Petrov - Petrophysical Properties of Crystalline Rocks

P. K. Harvey, T. S. Brewer, P. A. Pezard, V. A. Petrov - Petrophysical Properties of Crystalline Rocks
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2005-01-01 | ISBN: 1862391734 | PDF | 351 pages | 25.57 MB


Boreholes are commonly drilled into crystalline rocks to evaluate their suitability for various applications such as waste disposal (including nuclear waste), geothermal energy, hydrology, sequestration of greenhouse gases and for fault analysis. Crystalline rocks include igneous, metamorphic and even some sedimentary rocks. The quantification and understanding of individual rock masses requires extensive modelling and an analysis of various physical and chemical parameters. This volume covers the following aspects of the petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks: fracturing and deformation, oceanic basement studies, permeability and hydrology and laboratory-based studies. With the growing demands for sustainable and environmentally effective development of the subsurface, the petrophysics of crystalline rocks is becoming an increasingly important field.

R. P. Shaw - Understanding the Micro to Macro Behaviour of Rock-Fluid Systems

R. P. Shaw - Understanding the Micro to Macro Behaviour of Rock-Fluid Systems
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2005-09-16 | ISBN: 1862391866 | PDF | 176 pages | 13.27 MB


Understanding how fluids flow through rocks is very important in a number of fields. Almost all of the worldÂ’s oil and gas are produced from underground reservoirs. Knowledge of how they got where they are, what keeps them there and how they migrate through the rock is very important in the search for new resources, as well as for maximising the extraction of as much of the contained oil/gas as possible. Similar understanding is important for managing groundwater resources and for predicting how hazardous or radioactive wastes or carbon dioxide will behave if stored or disposed of underground. Unravelling the complex behaviour of fluids as they flow through rock is difficult, but important. We cannot see through rock, so we need to predict how and where fluids flow. Understanding the type of rock, its porosity, the character and pattern of fractures within it and how fluid flows through it are important. Some contributors to this volume have been trying to understand real rocks in real situations and others have been working on computer models and laboratory simulations. Put together, these approaches have yielded very useful results, many of which are discussed in this volume.

M. R. Allen, G. P. Goffey, R. K. Morgan, I. M. Walker - The Deliberate Search for the Stratigraphic Trap

M. R. Allen, G. P. Goffey, R. K. Morgan, I. M. Walker - The Deliberate Search for the Stratigraphic Trap
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2006-03-31 | ISBN: 1862391920 | PDF | 312 pages | 39.29 MB


Twenty-three years have elapsed since the publication of Halbouty's AAPG Memoir of 1982 The Deliberate Search for the Subtle Trap. Since then, the technologies employed in hydrocarbon exploration have become extraordinarily sophisticated, yet current exploration for stratigraphic traps is to some extent restricted to areas where seismic data simplifies exploration by allowing direct inference of fluid fill and reservoir development. This Special Publication draws upon contributions that examine current industry perceptions of stratigraphic trap exploration and the technologies, tools and philosophies employed in such exploration, given the changing industry environment. This book contains a collection of papers examining a number of themes related to exploration for stratigraphic traps, ranging from play and risk assessment, through regional assessments of stratigraphic trapping potential, specific exploration programmes targeted at stratigraphic traps to specific working traps and plays where stratigraphic trapping is prevalent.


domingo, 22 de agosto de 2010

R. J. Davies; H. W. Posamentier; L. J. Wood, J.A. Cartwright - Seismic Geomorphology: applications to hydrocarbon exploration and production

R. J. Davies; H. W. Posamentier; L. J. Wood, J.A. Cartwright - Seismic Geomorphology: applications to hydrocarbon exploration and production
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2007-04-01 | ISBN: 1862392234 | PDF | 288 pages | 53.46 MB


We are poised to embark on a new era of discovery in the study of geomorphology. The discipline has a long and illustrious history, but in recent years an entirely new way of studying landscapes and seascapes has been developed. It involves the use of 3D seismic data. Just as CAT scans allow medical staff to view our anatomy in 3D, seismic data now allows Earth scientists to do what the early geomorphologists could only dream of - view tens and hundreds of square kilometres of the Earth's subsurface in 3D and therefore see for the first time how landscapes have evolved through time. This volume demonstrates how Earth scientists are starting to use this relatively new tool to study the dynamic evolution of a range of sedimentary environments.



R. M. Teeuw - Mapping Hazardous Terrain using Remote Sensing

R. M. Teeuw - Mapping Hazardous Terrain using Remote Sensing
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2007-08-15 | ISBN: 1862392293 | PDF | 357 pages | 12.00 MB


The dangers that we face from geohazards appear to be getting worse, especially with the impact of increasing population and global climate change. This collection of papers illustrates how remote sensing technologies - measuring, mapping and monitoring the Earths surface from aircraft or satellites - can help us to rapidly detect and better manage geohazards. The hazardous terrains examined include areas of landslides, flooding, erosion, contaminated land, shrink-swell clays, subsidence, seismic activity and volcanic landforms. Key aspects of remote sensing are introduced, making this a book that can easily be read by those who are unfamiliar with remote sensing. The featured remote sensing systems include aerial photography and photogrammetry, thermal scanning, hyperspectral sensors, airborne laser altimetry (LiDAR), radar interferometry and multispectral satellites (Landsat, ASTER). Related technologies and methodologies, such as the processing of Digital Elevation Models and data analysis using Geographical Information Systems, are also discussed.


H. Lewis, G. D. Couples - The Relationship between Damage and Localization

H. Lewis, G. D. Couples - The Relationship between Damage and Localization
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2007-11-15 | ISBN: 1862392366 | PDF | 254 pages | 14.50 MB


The many kinds of porous geomaterials (rocks, soils, concrete, etc.) exhibit a range of responses when undergoing inelastic deformation. In doing so they commonly develop well-ordered fabric elements, forming fractures, shear bands and compaction bands, so creating the planar fabrics that are regarded as localization. Because these induced localization fabrics alter the bulk material properties (such as permeability, acoustic characteristics and strength), it is important to understand how and why localization occurs, and how it relates to its setting. The concept of damage (in several uses) describes both the precursor to localization and the context within which it occurs. A key theme is that geomaterials display a strong material evolution during deformation, revealing a close linkage between the damage and localization processes.
This volume assembles perspectives from a number of disciplines, including soil mechanics, rock mechanics, structural geology, seismic anisotropy and reservoir engineering. The papers range from theoretical to observational, and include contributions showing how the deformed geomaterials emergent bulk characteristics, like permeability and seismic anisotropy, can be predicted. This book will be of interest to a wide range of geoscientists and engineers who deal with characterization of deformed materials.



Iain S. Stewart, Claudio Vita-Finzi - Coastal Tectonics

Iain S. Stewart, Claudio Vita-Finzi - Coastal Tectonics
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 1999-02-01 | ISBN: 186239024X | PDF | 378 pages | 50.83 MB


Describes the application of high-resolution coastal records to developing and testing tectonic models. The case studies are at scales ranging from global to local and deal with glacioisostasy, relative sea-level change and seismic and aseismic crustal deformation at a variety of timescales. An international perspective presenting a host of field data from contrasting parts of the world as well as novel modelling and analytical approaches. It is the only book that considers the topic with such scope. Readership: Tectonic geologists, Quaternary scientists, professionals involved in seismic hazard or coastal development/protection.


M. Wilson - Permo-carboniferous Magmatism And Rifting in Europe

M. Wilson - Permo-carboniferous Magmatism And Rifting in Europe
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2004-01-01 | ISBN: 1862391521 | PDF | 498 pages | 101.88 MB


Widespread extension occurred within the Variscan orogen and its northern foreland during Late Carboniferous to Early Permian times. This was associated with magmatism and with a fundamental change, at the Westphalian-Stephanian boundary, in the regional stress field, coincident with the termination of orogenic activity and onset of dextral translation between North Africa and Europe. Rifting propagated across basement terranes with different ages and thermal histories. Most of the rift basins developed on relatively thin lithosphere; however, the highly magmatic Oslo Graben initiated within the edge of a craton. Early Stephanian regional uplift is contemporaneous with the onset of magmatism, inviting speculation that it might have been induced by a thermal anomaly within the upper mantle. The contributions to this volume suggest that the geodynamic setting in which magmatism occurred was complex, involving wrench tectonics, slab detachment, and delamination or thermal erosion of the base of the lithosphere.



D. McIlroy - The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental And Stratigraphic Analysis

D. McIlroy - The Application of Ichnology to Palaeoenvironmental And Stratigraphic Analysis
Publisher: Geological Society of London | 2004-01-01 | ISBN: 1862391548 | PDF | 490 pages | 53.73 MB


It has been increasingly realized by sedimentologists in the petroleum industry and academia that integration of ichnological information into sedimentological models, and vice versa, is one of the main means by which we can improve our understanding of ancient depositional environments. This volume aims to provide an analytical review of the ichnology of all major depositional environments and the use of ichnology in biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic analysis, as well as highly refined palaeoenvironmental studies. The remit of the book is achieved through a combination of review articles and novel research papers that outline methodologies and protocols for improving our understanding of ancient palaeoenvironments. Trace fossils from microscopic borings to dinosaur footprints are considered.
The comprehensive coverage of ancient depositional environments means that the book will be of use as a course text for undergraduates as well as an invaluable reference text for all interested in ichnology whether they are ichnologists, sedimentologists or petroleum geologists by trade.