Garry D. Karner, Brian Taylor, Neal W. Driscoll, David L. Kohlstedt - Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins

Garry D. Karner, Brian Taylor, Neal W. Driscoll, David L. Kohlstedt - Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins
Publisher: Columbia University Press | 2004-03-03 | ISBN: 0231127383 | PDF | 408 pages | 15.50 MB

Traditionally, investigations of the rheology and deformation of the lithosphere (the rigid or mechanically strong outer layer of the Earth, which contains the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle) have taken place at one scale in the laboratory and at an entirely different scale in the field. Laboratory experiments are generally restricted to centimeter-sized samples and day- or year-length times, while geological processes occur over tens to hundreds of kilometers and millions of years. The application of laboratory results to geological systems necessitates extensive extrapolation in both time and spatial scales, as well as a detailed understanding of the dominant physical mechanisms. The development of an understanding of large-scale processes requires an integrated approach.

This book explores the current cutting-edge interdisciplinary research in lithospheric rheology and provides a broad summary of the rheology and deformation of the continental lithosphere in both extensional and compressional settings. Individual chapters explore contemporary research resulting from laboratory, observational, and theoretical experiments.

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Applied Stratigraphy (Topics in Geobiology)

Applied Stratigraphy (Topics in Geobiology)
Publisher: Springer | ISBN: 140206683X | edition 2007 | PDF | 471 pages | 10,8 mb

Few, if any, fundamental disciplines in the earth sciences have seen so many dramatic changes and developments as stratigraphy. The discipline has come to be applied progressively, and indispensably, to nearly all branches of the earth sciences, including such endeavors as charting the course and complexities of life evolution through time, understanding how ancient ecosystems developed and operated, and furnishing data pivotal to exploration and exploitation of strategic mineral resources.This book aims to incorporate major aspects and essential elements underpinning the modern applications and perspectives of stratigraphy. It focuses on traditional and innovative techniques and how these can be utilized in reconstructing the geological history of sedimentary basins and in solving manifold geological problems and phenomena. Each chapter summarizes contributions by leading researchers in the field. It is hoped that this book will provide the reader with key insights into all these aspects and applications.

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Onno Oncken, "The Andes"

Onno Oncken, "The Andes"
Springer | 2006-11-14 | ISBN: 3540243291 | 592 pages | PDF | 34 MB

This book will provide the first comprehensive overview of a complete subduction orogen, the Andes (considered to represent the type subduction belt on Earth), integrating the results from a wide variety of methods. For example, our results provide the so far densest and most highly resolved geophysical image of an active subduction orogen. Dense geodetic data and a range of geological observations complement these results. These all contribute towards a process-oriented understanding of the mechanisms driving subduction orogeny in its various manifestations. We plan to provide the results which were accumulated during 12 years of integrated research, by covering all fields of Earth Sciences in the various contributions to the volume, in a range of formats including a CD-Rom with maps, geological sections, geophysical results and a data depository. These may be complemented by an existing web site that will be further developed in close contact with the planned book.

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Simon Adams, David Lambert, "Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide to Science (Science Visual Resources)"

Simon Adams, David Lambert, "Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide to Science (Science Visual Resources)"
Chelsea House Publications | 2006 | ISBN: 0816061645 | 208 pages | PDF | 22,6 MB

"Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide to Science" is one of eight volumes of "Facts On File's" new "Science Visual Resources" set. Containing six sections, a comprehensive glossary, a Web site guide, and an index, Biology is an ideal learning tool for students and teachers of science. Full-colour diagrams, graphs, charts, and maps on every page illustrate the essential elements of the subject, while parallel text provides key definitions and step-by-step explanations. The six sections include: "Planet Earth" - considers Earth's place in the Solar System and its relationship to the Sun, the Moon, and the environment of interplanetary space. Topics covered in this section include solar and lunar eclipses, tides, seasons, and Earth's magnetic field. "Earth's History" - examines the basic principles used by geologists to determine the age of rocks and the use of fossil evidence in determining the sequence of geological events. There is a comprehensive survey of the history of life on Earth and a general description of each of the geological eons. A sequence of pages traces the history of the North American continent through each geological period, showing the prevailing conditions and the kind of life forms that have flourished there. "Earth's Rocks" - is concerned with the processes that create and modify Earth's geology. The relative abundance of minerals on our planet; the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; and the processes of plate tectonics are examined in this section. "Air and Oceans" - is an overview of the shallow but complex layer of gas and water that surrounds our planet and supports all animal and plant life. The types and causes of all significant weather phenomena are covered here, as well as the intimate connections between the oceans and the atmosphere. Heat transfer between air and oceans and the planet-wide systems of circulation driven by solar energy are also explained here. "Erosion and Weathering" - looks at the constant wearing down of the Earth's rocks by the combined actions of the atmosphere and the oceans. Mechanical and chemical weathering, the formation and movement of soil, and the geological forms produced by the actions of rivers and glaciers are all featured in this section. Wind erosion and the formation and spread of desert landscapes are also covered. "Comparisons" - gives the relative scales of major planetary features, such as oceans, rivers, continents, and mountain ranges.

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